The Giant Sun

THE SUN
The Sun is a huge, glowing sphere of hot gas. Most of this gas is hydrogen (about 70%) and helium (about 28%). Carbon, nitrogen and oxygen make up 1.5% and the other 0.5% is made up of small amounts of many other elements such as neon, iron, silicon, magnesium and sulfur.

SOME INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT SUN

•    If the sun were to turn off, within a week the earth would be 0°F.

•        The sun is becoming hotter, becoming 10% more luminous around every billion years.

•   The sun is comprised of 72% hydrogen, 26% helium and other trace elements. This dense mass of gases makes up 99% of all the mass in our solar system.
• The sun puts out a huge amount of energy to heat the Solar System. Every second around 700 million tons of hydrogen are converted into helium ashes by the Sun’s fusion processes.
• The Sun’s surface is colder than the atmosphere, at around 6,000 Kelvin. The atmosphere can reach 0,000 K and the region called the corona can be 1 million K.
• The Sun is around 25,000 light years away from the center of Milky Way galaxy. It takes about 240 million years to orbit once around the galactic center.
•    Different sections of the sun rotate at varied speeds, as it is made of gas.

Mind-boggling facts about Neptune

Neptune is the eighth planet from the Sun and the fourth largest (by diameter). Neptune is smaller in diameter but larger in mass than Uranus.

Interesting facts about Neptune.

• The planet Neptune is named after Roman god of sea because the blue planet reminded astronomers of the Earth's ocean.

• Neptune is the only planet in the solar system that can't be seen from Earth.
  
• Neptune was originally going to be called "Le Verrier's planet", after French mathematicians Urbain Le Verrier.
  
• Astronomers have measured stronger winds on Neptune than on any other planet in the solar system.
  
• The magnetic force on Neptune is 27 times greater than that on Earth.
  
• Neptune is the farthest planet from the sun, at about 3 billion miles (5 billion kilometers).
  
• One of the Neptune's moon, Triton, may be the coldest place in our solar system.
  
• Neptune has rings, but they are thin and hard to see.
  
• Methane gas on the planet's atmosphere makes the planet appear blue.
  
• Intense pressure and super-hot temperatures create cascading showers of diamonds on Neptune.
  

How Stars Are Created?

All you need to make a star is hydrogen, gravity, and time.

Gravity pulls the dust and gas in a giant swirling vortex. Gravity brings matter together and when you bring matter together and you squeeze things into smaller spaces the necessarily heat up bay simple laws of chemistry. When we compress something, we drive the temperature up. 

Over a hundreds of thousands of years, the clouds gets thicker and forms giant spinning disk bigger than our entire solar system. At its center, gravity crushes the gas into a super dense, super hot ball. Pressure builds until huge jets of gas burst out from the center. It’s a very violent process. 

There jets are many light-years across something literally accelerating material very fast across unimaginable distances.

Gravity keeps the pressure on sucking in gas and dust particles that smash into each other generating more and more heat. Over next a million years the young star gets smaller and hotter temperature as its core reaches 15 million degree. Only at that mind boggling temperature can atoms of gas fuse together releasing massive amounts of energy. And just like that a star is born.

How This Universe Was Created?

Everything in this universe has a beginning. But what about the beginning of the universe itself?  Well, this question was bought into the realm of science several decades back and the answer is worth learning. An American astronomer ‘Edwin Powell Hubble’ played a crucial role in establishing the fields of extra galactic astronomy and observational cosmology. His observations suggested that there was a time called the big bang when the universe was infinitely small and infinitely dense.

The big bang theory states that the universe began as a hot and infinitely dense point, only a few millimeters wide. It was similar to a super charged black hole about 13.7 billions of years ago.

This tiny singularity violently exploded and from this bang all the matters, energy, space and time was created. This was followed by two major stages of universal evolution called radiation and matter era.

RADIATION ERA - 

The period in the early universe, lasting from roughly 20 seconds to 10^{5 .}

MATTER ERA -

The Matter era one in which matter acts pretty much as it does now.  It began 300 to 500 thousand years after the Big Bang, when the temperature of the background radiation had dropped to around 3000 degrees K, cooler than the surface of the sun, but still hot enough to melt and vaporizes most substances. 

If there were events earlier than this time, then they could not affect what happens present time. Their existence can be ignored because it would have no observational consequences.

One may say that time had a beginning at the big bang, in the sense that earlier times simply could not be defined. It should be emphasized that this beginning in time is very different from those that had been considered previously. There is no physical necessity for the beginning of the time.

What is the outline of our planet?

Nowadays, the whole world is curious to discover the mysterious and unrevealed manifestations of the universe. Many efficient scientists of leading space research centers and space stations are committed to ascertain the occurrence of various occult of the universe. Despite a ton of unanswered questions regarding the cosmos, we have been successful in tracking the reasons behind many supernatural happenings in space.

One of the most primordial discoveries is the fact that our earth is a round ball shaped celestial despite being a flat platform. This proclamation was made by a well known philosopher Aristotle who is famous for his foundation of the lyceum and Peripatetic school of philosophy and Aristotelian tradition. His study and logic regarding the configuration of earth, led to the commencement of further broader studies regarding the solar and lunar eclipses, the difference in the apparent position of the polar star in Egypt and Greece, and a bunch more.

As long ago as 340 BC Aristotle, in his book, On The Heavens,, was able to put forward two good arguments for believing that the Earth was round ball rather than a flat plate. First, he realized that the sun and the moo. The Earth’s shadow on the moon was always round, which would be true if the earth was spherical. If Earth had been a flat disk, the shadow would have been elongated. This study was further encouraged by the analysis of Pythagoras, and many others. However, there are still many astrologers whose claims seem to contradict the present studies. They allege to justify it with evidences but nothing came into toss yet. The exploration still continuous. And we can expect more mystic truths to be revealed soon.